An evocative pair of original 18th-century American bills of lading documenting the movement of merchandise from Norfolk, Virginia, to South Carolina in December 1793—only ten years after the conclusion of the American Revolution.
Both partly printed documents record merchandise shipped by James Cresinger and consigned to Mr. Hugh Swinton, apparently the Charleston merchant of that name. Together, they provide an uncommon surviving record of the coastal commercial network connecting Virginia and South Carolina during the early Federal period.
The first bill concerns the ship Peggy, commanded by Gabriel Bryan. It records the shipment of “2 small boxes merchandise” from Norfolk to South Carolina and is signed at the bottom by Bryan.
The second concerns the ship Friend, commanded by John Mercer. Its cargo is described as “Two Bales & 1 Box Merchandise,” likewise destined for Mr. Hugh Swinton in South Carolina. It is signed “John Mercer” as master of the vessel.
Bills of lading were both receipts and legally binding shipping contracts. The ship’s master acknowledged that the listed merchandise had been received in good order and promised its delivery, excepting the traditional “Danger of the Seas.” The documents’ printed declaration—“Shipped by the Grace of God, in good Order and well Condition’d”—reflects the language traditionally used in early maritime commerce.
Both examples are printed on period laid paper and feature a particularly attractive ornamental initial “S” incorporating a sailing vessel. Handwritten cargo descriptions, routing information, freight terms and original signatures complete the forms.
The identity of Captain John Mercer has not been connected conclusively with the prominent Mercer political family; he is therefore represented here only as the documented master of the Friend.
Condition: The bill for the Friend is substantially complete, with original folds, edge wear, short tears and losses along the right edge. The bill for the Peggy has considerable paper loss through the center and at the right edge, affecting portions of the printed language and date. Nevertheless, the ship’s name, route, cargo, consignee and Gabriel Bryan signature remain visible. Both documents exhibit expected toning and handling wear. Please examine the photographs carefully.
An appealing matched pair for a collection devoted to early American commerce, Norfolk or Virginia history, South Carolina history, maritime documents or 18th-century printing.
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